Scholarly Publications Devoted
to
Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure
Georgetown University Law Center - 4X (published 4 times per year)
600 New Jersey Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20001
(202) 662 - 9250
(You'll pay these DC folks for any of the ACLR articles on-line. Use the law library.)
University of Texas School of Law - 3X
727 East Dean Keeton Street
Austin, Texas 78705
(512) 471 - 9200
(These Texans require that you pay for any of the AJCL articles. Use the law library.)
State University of New York at Buffalo Law School - 2X530
John Lord O'Brian Hall
Buffalo, New York 14260
(716) 645-2016
Note: This excellent review now places some of its articles online for free. Hail to BCLR!
School of Law - Boalt Hall
University of California
Berkeley, California
Note: This Golden State review now places some of its articles on-line for free. Ave Boalt Hall!
Capital Defense Journal
Crime and Delinquency
Department of Criminal Justice and Behavior - 4X
California State University
1250 Bellflower Boulevard
Long Beach, California 90840
Crime and Justice:A Review of Research
Castine Research Corporation - 1X
40 Main Street
Castine, Maine 04421
(207) 326-9521
(Note: A few articles from this publication of the ABA Criminal Justice Section are now viewable on-line for free, but most require that you pay up for a ABA and CJS membership.)
Criminal Justice Ethics
Institute for Criminal Justice Ethics - 2X
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
555 West 57th Street, Suite 601
New York, New York 10019
Criminal Justice and Behavior
Department of Psychology - 2X
Fordham University
Bronx, New York 10458
Criminal Law Bulletin
Graduate School of Criminal Justice - 6X
State University of New York at Albany
135 Western Avenue
Albany, New York 12222
(518) 442-5215
(You'll pay Thompson-West Publishing for this publication.)
Rutgers University School of Law - Camden - 3X
Fifth & Penn Streets
Camden, New Jersey 08102
(856) 225-6352
Federal Probation
Administrative Office of the United States Courts - 3X
One Columbus Circle
Washington, D.C. 20544
(202) 502-2600
Federal Sentencing Reporter
323 Green Street - 6X
New Haven, Connecticut 06511
(203) 772-2543
Northwestern University School of Law - 4X
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
(312) 503- 8547
(You'll pay these Lakeshore Drive denizens for their articles.)
Journal of Criminal Justice - 6X
P.O. Box 131279
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113
Note: Bully to this journal for placing its articles on-line for free.
New England School of Law - 2X
154 Stuart Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
(617) 422-7451
The Ohio State University - 2X
Moritz College of Law
55 West 12th Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43210
(614) 688-3781
(This one is the big-boy-on-the-block guided by criminal law guru, Professor Dressler. The JCL graciously allows you to download some of its excellent articles for free.)
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Women and Criminal Justice
Department of Criminal Justice - 4X
Shippensburg University
1871 Old Main Drive
Shippensburg, Pennsylvania 17257
(717) 477-1608
(Professors Kahan and Robinson have accumulated hundreds of abstracts in their SSRN criminal law and criminal procedure database; many free downloads available)
Bibliographies
References & Encyclopedias
(Economics of Crime and Law Enforcement)
Some Recent and Classic Scholarly Articles
on
Criminal Law Subjects
There are more than 500 student-edited law reviews and journals published in the US. Those produced at first and second-tier law schools, e.g., Harvard, Yale, Stanford, Pennsylvania, Chicago, Virginia, Northwestern, Columbia, California, Michigan, Texas, Duke, Georgetown, North Carolina, UCLA, Cornell, etc. are typically of excellent quality and are often cited by other journals and in court opinions. The same cannot be said for the publications of third and fourth-tier institutions. Articles and comments from these institutions can only be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
What I have collected here is a potpourri of scholarly publications, most of them fairly recent, on subjects close to the heart of the study of substantive criminal law. Students may find it helpful in providing context for briefing and reciting on individual cases to read a relevant resource listed below and share valuable aspects of it with other members of the class in e-discussion postings and in class recitations. Notice that I don't utilize the classic green book or blue-book style of citation. Do not emulate my approach in citing any of these secondary resources in briefs filed with courts or in your Legal Research and Writing courses. I simply find the style that follows more informative. To find an article in a particular journal or law review, try the Guide to Current Law review Content.
History of Criminal Law
Rethinking Criminal Law
+ Symposium, Twenty-Five Years of George Fletcher's Rethinking Criminal Law, Tulsa Law Review, Vol. 39, page 737 (2004).
+ Denno, When Two Become One: Views on Fletcher's 'Two Patterns of Criminality', Tulsa Law Review Vol.e 39, page 781 (2004).
Purpose of Criminal Law
+ Dworkin, Devlin Was Right: Law and the Enforcement of Morality, William & Mary Law Review, Vol. 40, page 959 (1999).
+ Hughes, Criminal Responsibility, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 16, page 470 (1964).
+ Hart, The Aims of the Criminal Law, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 23, page 401 (1958).
Fair Notice, Void-for-Vagueness, Overbreadth and Other Limitations on the Criminal Law
+ Goldsmith, The Void-for-Vagueness Doctrine in the Supreme Court, Revisited, American Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 30, No. 2, page 135 (2003).
+ Decker, Addressing Vagueness, Ambiguity, and Other Uncertainly in American Criminal Laws, Denver University Law Review, Vol. 80, page 241 (2002).
+ Hill, Vagueness and Police Discretion: The Supreme Court in a Box, Rutgers Law Review, Vol. 51, page 1289 (1999).
+ Allen, The Erosion of Legality in American Criminal Justice: Some Latter-Day Adventures of the Nulla Poena Principle, Arizona Law Review, Vol. 29, Page 387 (1987).
+ Jeffries, Legality, Vagueness, and the Construction of Penal Statutes, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 71, page 189 (1985).
Mens Rea
+ Hamdani, Mens Rea and the Cost of Ignorance, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 93, No. 2, page 415 (2007).
+ Simons, Should the Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended?, Ohio State Criminal Law Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1 (2003).
+ Batey, Exploitation of Mens Rea Confusion, At Common Law and Under the Model Penal Code, Georgia State University Law Review , Vol. 18, page 341 (2001).
+ Dillof, Transferred Intent: An Inquiry into the Nature of Criminal Culpability, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol 1, page 501 (1998).
+ Garfield, A More Principled Approach to Criminalizing Negligence: A Prescription for the Legislature, Tennessee Law Review, Vol. 65, page 875 (1998).
+ Simmons, When Is Strict Liability Just?, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 87, page 1075 (1997).
+ Husak, Transferred Intent, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy, Vol.10, page 65 (1965).
+ Gardner, The Mens Rea Enigma: Observations on the Role of Motive in the Criminal Law Past and Present, 1993 Utah Law Review, page 635.
+ Williams, The Unresolved Problem of Recklessness, Legal Studies, Vol. 8, page 74 (1988).
+ Roth, The Felony-Murder Rule: A Doctrine at Constitutional Crossroads, Cornell Law Review, Vol. 70, page 446 (1985).
+ Moore, Responsibility and the Unconscious, Southern California Law Review, Vol. 53, page 1563 (1980).
+ Fletcher, The Theory of Criminal Negligence: A Comparative Analysis, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 119, pages 401 (1971).
+ Hall, Negligent Behavior Should Be Excluded From Penal Liability, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 63, page 662 (1963).
+ Wasserstrom, Strict Liability in the Criminal Law, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 12, page 731 (1960).
+ Perkins, A Rationale of Mens Rea, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 52, page 905 (1939).
+ Perkins, Malice Aforethought, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 43, page 537 (1934).
Felony Murder
+ Birdsong, The Felony Murder Doctrine Revisited: A Proposal for Calibrating Punishment that Reaffirms the Sanctity of Human Life of Co-Felons Who Are Victims, Ohio Northern University Law Review, Vol. 33, page 497 (2007).
+ Binder, Felony Murder and Mens Rea Default Rules: A Study in Statutory Interpretation, 4 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 399 (2000).
+ Tomkovicz, The Endurance of the Felony-Murder Rule: A Study of the Forces That Shape Our Criminal Law, Washington & Lee Law Review, Vol. 51, page 1429 (1994).
+ Crump, In Defense of the Felony-Murder Doctrine, Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, Volume 8, page 359 (1985)
+ Fletcher, Reflections of Felony-Murder, Southwestern University Law Review, Vol. 12, page 413 (1981).
Involuntary Act
+ Denno, Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 87 page 269 (2002).
Wilful (Willful) Blindness - Contrived Ignorance - The Ostrich Defense
+ Luban, Contrived Ignorance, Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 87, page 957 (1999).
Criminal Omission - Duty to Rescue - Misprison
+ Curenton, The Past, Present, and Future of 18 U.S.C. Sec. 4: An Exploration of the Federal Misprison of Felony Statute, Alabama Law Review, Vol. 55, page 183 (2003).
+ Smith, Legal Liability and Criminal Omission, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 5, page 69 (2001).
+ Murphy, Beneficence, Law, and Liberty: The Case of Required Rescue, Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 89, page 605 (2001).
Dressler, Some Brief Thoughts (Mostly Negative) About "Bad Samaritan" Laws, Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 40, page 971 (2000).
+ Yeager, A Radical Community of Aid: A Rejoinder to Opponents of Affirmative Duties to Help Strangers, Washington University Law Quarterly, Vol. 71, page 1 (1993).
+ Leavens, A Causation Approach to Criminal Omissions, California Law Review, Vol. 76, pages 547 (1988).
+ Smith, Liability for Omission in Criminal Law, Legal Studies, Vol. 14, page 88 (1984).
+ Keisel, Who Saw This Happen - States Move to Make Crime Bystanders Responsible, American Bar Association Journal, Vol. 69, page 1208 (1983).
+ Hughes, Criminal Omissions, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 67, page 590 (1958).
Causation
+ Morse, The Moral Metaphysics of Causation and Results, California Law Review, Vol. 88, page 879 (2000).
+ Robertson, Respect for Life in Bioethical Dilemmas, Cleveland State Law Review, Vol. 45, page 329 (1997).
+ Kadish, Letting Patients Die: Legal and Moral Reflections, California Law Review, Vol. 80, page 857 (1992).
+ Terry, Homicide: The Viability of the Year and a Day Murder Rule, Howard Law Journal, Vol. 31. page 401(1988).
Complicity - Natural and Probable Consequences Rule & Pinkerton Rule
+ Bird, The Natural and Probable Consequences Doctrine: "Your Acts Are My Acts!," Western State University Law Review, Vol. 34, page 43 (2006).
+ Noferi, Towards Attenuation: A "New" Due Process Limit on Pinkerton Conspiracy Liability, American Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 33, No. 2,page 91 (2006).
+ Weisberg, Reappraising Complicity, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 4, page 217 (2000).
+ Robbins, Double Inchoate Crimes, Harvard Journal on Legislation, Vol. 26, page 1 (1989).
+ Kadish, Complicity, Cause and Blame,: A Study in the Interpretation of Doctrine, California Law Review, Vol. 73, page 323 (1985).
+ Perkins, Parties to Crimes, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 89, page 581 (1941)
Inchoate Crimes
+ Alexander, Mens Rea and Inchoate Crimes, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol. 87, page 1138 (1997).
+ Crocker, Justice in Criminal Liability: Decriminalizing Harmless Attempts, Ohio State Law Journal, Vol. 53, page 1057 (1992).
+ Ashworth, Criminal Attempts and the Role of the Resulting Harm Under the Code and in the Common Law, Rutgers Law Journal, Vol. 19, page 725 (1988).
+ Keedy, Criminal Attempts at Common Law, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 102, page 464 (1954).
Attempt and the Impossibility Defense
+ Hasnas, Once More Unto the Breach: The Inherent Liberalism of the Criminal Law and the Liability for Attempting the Impossible, Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 54, No. 1 (2002).
+ Robbins, Attempting the Impossible: The Emerging Consensus, Harvard Journal on Legislation, Vol. 23, page 377 (1986).
+ Enker, Impossibility in Criminal Attempts - Legality and the Legal Process, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 53, page 665 (1969).
+ Hughes, One Further Footnote on Attempting the Impossible, New York University Law Review, Vol. 42, page 1005 (1967).
Conspiracy
+ Rosenberg, Several Problems in Criminal Conspiracy Laws and Some Proposals for Reform, Criminal Law Bulletin, Vol. 43, No. 4, page 427 (2007).
+ Katyl, Conspiracy Theory, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 112, No 6, page 1307 (2003).
+ Cohan, Seditious Conspiracy, The Smith Act, and Prosecution for Religious Speech Advocating the Violent Overthrow of Government, St. John's Journal of Legal Commentary, Vol. 17, Issue 2, page 199 (2003).
+ Lynch, RICO: The Crime of Being a Criminal, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 87, page 920 (1987).
+ Johnson, The Unnecessary Crime of Conspiracy, California Law Review, Vol. 61, page 1137 (1973) ( an article by the author of the casebook we use in the criminal law course).
+ Goldstein, Conspiracy to Defraud the United States, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 68, page 405 (1959).
+ Harno, Intent in Criminal Conspiracy, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 89, page 624 (1941).
Murder
+ Duffy, Reality Check: How Practical Circumstances Affect the Interpretation of Depraved Indifference Murder, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 57, No. 2, page 425 (2007).
+ Kamisar, Physician-Assisted Suicide: The Problems Presented by the Compelling, Heartwrenching Case, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 88, page 1121 (1998).
+ Newman, Euthanasia: Orchestrating, "The Last Syllable of ...Time," University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. 53, page 153 (1991).
+ Pillsbury, Evil and the Law of Murder, University of California at Davis Law Review, Vol. 24, page 437 (1990).
+ Peters, The State's Interest in the Preservation of Life: From Quinlan to Cruzan, Ohio State Law Journal, Vol. 50, page 891 (1989).
+ Kamisar, Some Non-Religious Views Against Proposed "Mercy-Killing" Legislation, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 42, page 969 (1958).
+ Williams, "Mercy Killing" Legislation: A Rejoinder, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 43, page 1 (1958).
Assault
+ Perkins, An Analysis of Assault and Attempts to Assault, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 47, page 71 (1962).
Hate Crimes
+ Abrams, Fighting Fire with Fire: Rethinking the Role of Disgust in Hate Crimes, California Law Review, Vol. 90 (2002).
Rape
+ Duncan, Sex Crimes and Sexual Miscues: The Need for a Clear Line Between Forcible Rape and Nonconsensual Sex, Wake Forest Law Review, Vol. 42, No. 4, page 1087 (2007).
+ Westen, Some Common Confusions About Consent in Rape Cases, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 2, No. 1, page 332 (2004).
+ Fisher, Unraveling the Fear of Victimization Among College Women: Is the "Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis" Supported?, Justice Quarterly, Vol. 20, page 633 (2003).
+ Bryden, Redefining Rape, Buffalo Criminal Law Review, Vol. 3, page 317 (2000).
+ Falk, Rape by Fraud and Rape by Coercion, Brooklyn Law Review, Vol. 64, page 39 (1998).
+ Bruden, Rape in the Criminal Justice System, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 87, page 1194 (1997).
+ Maguigan, Cultural Evidence and Male Violence: Are Feminist and Multicultural Reformers on a Collision Course in Criminal Courts?, New York University Law Review, Vol. 70, page 36 (1995).
+ Oberman, Turning Girls Into Women: Re-Evaluating Modern Statutory Rape Law, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 87, page 15 (1994).
+ Bachman & Paternoster, A Contemporary Look at the Effects of Rape Law Reform : How Far Have We Really Come?, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol. 84, page 554 (1993).
+ Schafran, Writing and Reading About Rape: A Primer, St. Johns Law Review, Vol. 66, page 981 (1993).
+ Schulhofer, Taking Sexual Autonomy Seriously: Rape Law and Beyond, Law and Philosophy, Vol. 11, page 35 (1992).
+ Torrey, When Will We Be Believed? Rape Myths and the Idea of a Fair Trial in Rape Prosecutions, Vol. 24, University of California at Davis Law Review, Vol. 24, page 1013 (1991).
+ Estrich, Defending Women, Michigan Law Review, Vol. 88, page 1430 (1990).
+ Estrich, Rape, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 95, page 1087 (1986).
Date Rape
+ Pillsbury, Crimes Against the Heart, Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review, Vol. 35, No. 3 (2002).
+ Husak, Date Rape, Social Convention and Reasonable Mistakes, Law and Philosophy, Vol. 11, page 95 (1992).
+ Balos & Fellows, Guilty of the Crime of Trust: Nonstranger Rape, Minnesota Law Review, Vol 75, page 599 (1991).
Statutory Rape
Death for Rape
+ Meister, Murdering Innocence:The Constitutionality of Capital Child Rape Statutes, Arizona Law Review, Vol. 45, No.1, page 197 (2003).
White Collar Crime - Corporate Criminal Liability
+Podgor, White Collar Crime: A Letter from the Future, Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 5, No. 1, page 247 (2007).
+ Green, Moral Ambiguity in White Collar Criminal Law, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy, Vol. 18, page 501 (2004).
+ Moohr, An Enron Lesson: The Modest Role of Criminal Law in Preventing Corporate Crime, Florida Law Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, page 937 (2003).
+ Brown, The Corporate Director's Compliance Oversight Responsibility in Post Caremark Era, The Delaware Journal of Corporate Law, Vol. 26, page 1 (2001).
+ Survey of White Collar Crime, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 40, No. 2 (2003).
+ Geraghty, Corporate Criminal Liability, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 39, page 327 ( 2002).
+ Bucy, Corporate Ethos: A Standard for Imposing Corporate Criminal Liability, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 75, page 1095 (1991).
+ Brickey, Rethinking Corporate Criminal Liability Under the Model Penal Code, Rutgers Law Journal, Vol. 19, page 593 (1988).
+ Posner, Optimal Sentence for White-Collar Criminal, 17 American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 17, page 409 (1980).
+ White Collar (Federal) Crime - (1), (2).
Official Corruption of State and Local Officials
+ Brown, New Federalism's Unanswered Question: Who Should Prosecute State and Local Officials For Political Corruption, Washington & Lee Law Review, Vol. 60, page 417 (2003).
Intentional Injuries During Sporting Events
+ Clarke, Law and Order on the Courts: The Application of Criminal Liability for Intentional Fouls During Sporting Events, Arizona State Law Journal, Vol. 32, page 1149 (2000).
Children as Victims and Witnesses to Crime
+ Symposium, Children as Victims and Witnesses in the Criminal Trial Process, Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 65, page 1 (2002).
Provocation
+ Dressler, Why Keep the Provocation Defense? Some Reflections on a Difficult Subject, Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 86, page 959 (2002). (Westlaw: 86 MNLR 959)
+ Nourse, Passion's Progress: Modern Law Reform and the Provocation Defense, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 106 , page 1331 (1997).
+ Dressler, When "Heterosexual" Men Kill "Homosexual" Men: Reflections on Provocation Law, Sexual Advances, and the "Reasonable Man" Standard, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 85, page 726 (1995).
+ Dressler, Rethinking Heat of Passion: A Defense in Search of a Rationale, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 73, page 421 (1982).
Government Handling of Non-Citizens in Times of National Security; Sacrifice of Non-Citizen's Liberty to Further Security of Citizens
+ Cole, Enemy Aliens, Stanford Law Review, Vol. 54, page 953 ( 2002).
Identity Theft
+ Solove, Identity Theft, Privacy, and the Architecture of Vulnerability, Hastings Law Journal, Vol. 54, page 1227 (2003).
Information Theft -
+ Dmitrieva, Stealing Information: Application of a Criminal Anti-Theft Statute to Leaks of Confidential Government Information, Florida Law Review, Vol. 55, No. 4, page 1043 (2003).
Computer Crime
+ Wiest, The Netsurfing Split:Restrictions Imposed on Internet and Computer Usage by Those Convicted of a Crime Involving a Computer, Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 72, page 847 (2003).
+ Jacobson, Computer Crimes, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 39, page 273 (2002).
Cybercrime
+ Katyal, Criminal Law in Cyberspace, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 149, page 1003 (2001).
Criminal Fraud
+ Podgor, Criminal Fraud, American Law Review Vol. 48, No. 4, page 1 (1999).
+ Pearce, Theft by False Promises, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 101, page 967 (1953).
Extortion
+ Berman: The Evidentiary Theory of Blackmail: Taking Motives Seriously, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 65, page 795 (1998).
+ Fletcher, Blackmail: The Paradigmatic Crime, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 141, page 1617 (1993).
+ Ginsburg, Blackmail: An Economic Analysis of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 141, page 1873 (1993).
+ Lindgren, Unraveling the Paradox of Blackmail, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 84, page 670 ( 1984)
Reasonable Doubt
+ Kane, Reasonable Doubt and Other Shibboleths, Litigation, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 22 (2002).
+ Corwin, Defining "Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" for the Criminal Jury, Villanova Law Review, Vol. 46, page 829 (2001).
+ Solan, Refocusing the Burden of Proof in Criminal Cases: Some Doubt About Reasonable Doubt, Texas Law Review, Vol. 78, page 105 (1999).
+ Mulrine, Reasonable Doubt: How in the World Is If Defined?, American University Journal of International Law & Policy, Vol. 12, page 195 (1997).
Defenses
+ Nourse, Reconceptualizing Criminal Law Defenses, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 151, No. 5, page 1691 (2003).
+ Falk, Novel Theories of Criminal Defense Based Upon the Toxicity of the Social Environment: Urban Psychosis, Television, Intoxication, and Black Rage, North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 74, page 731 (1996).
+ Comment, Premenstrual Syndrome: The Debate Surrounding Criminal Defense, Maryland Law Review, Vol. 54, page 571 (1995).
+ Holtzman, Premenstrual Symptoms: No Legal Defense, St. Johns Law Review, Vol. 60, page 712 (1986).
+ Riley, Premenstrual Syndrome as a Legal Defense, Hamline Law Review, Vol. 9, page 193 (1986).
+ Delgado, "Rotten Social Background": Should the Criminal Law Recognize a Defense of Severe Environmental Deprivation?, Law and Inequality, Vol. 3, page 9 (1985).
+ Robinson, Criminal Law Defenses: A Systematic Analysis, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 82, page 199 (1982).
+ Jeffries, Defenses, Presumptions and Burdens of Proof in the Criminal Law, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 88, page 1325 (1979).
Justification and Excuse
+ Berman, Justification and Excuse, Law and Morality, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 53, No.1 (2003).
+ Dressler, Justifications and Excuses: A Brief Review of the Concepts and the Literature, Wayne Law Review, Vol. 33, page 1155 (1987).
Excuse
+ Kadish, Excusing Crime, California Law Review, Vol. 75 , page 257 (1987).
Mistake of Law - Ignorance of Law
+ Gur-Arye, Reliance on a Lawyer's Mistaken Advice - Should it be an Excuse from Criminal Liability?, American Journal of Criminal Law, Vol. 29, page 455 (2002).
+ Kahan, Ignorance of the Law is Excuse - But Only for the Virtuous, Michigan Law Review, Vol. 96, page 127 (1997).
Mistake of Fact and Impossibility
+ Simons, Mistake and Impossibility, Law and Fact, and Culpability: A Speculative Essay, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 81, page 469 (1990)
+ Dutile & Moore, Mistake and Impossibility, Arranging a Marriage Between Two Difficult Partners, 74 Northwestern Law Review 166 (1979).
Intoxication
+ Westin, Engelhoff Again, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 36, page 1203 (1999).
+Nemerson, Alcoholism, Intoxication, and the Criminal Law, Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 10, page 393 (1988).
Incompetence to Stand Trial
Insanity
+ Resnick, The Andrea Yates Case: Insanity on Trial, Cleveland State Law Review, Vol. 55, No. 2, page 147 (2007).
+ Bienstock, Mothers Who Kill Their Children and Postpartum Psychosis, Southwestern University Law Review, Vol. 32, No,. 3, page 451 (2003).
+ Keram, The Insanity Defense and Game Theory: Reflections on Texas v.Yates, Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp 470 (2002).
+ Slobogin, An End to Insanity: Recasting the Role of Mental Disability in Criminal Cases, Virginia Law Review, Vol. 86, page 1199 (2000).
Diminished Capacity
+ Dressler, Reaffirming the Moral Legitimacy of the Doctrine of Diminished Capacity: A Brief Reply to Professor Morse, Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, Vol 75, page 953 (1984).
+ Morse, Undiminished Confusion in Diminished Capacity, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 75, page 1 (1984).
+ Arenella, The Diminished Capacity and Diminished Responsibility Defenses: Two Children of a Doomed Marriage, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 77, page 827 (1977).
Infancy
+ Scott, Blaming Youth, Texas Law Review, Vol. 81, page 799 (2003).
+ Duncan, "So Young and So Untender": Remorseless Children and the Expectations of the Law, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 102, page 1469 (2002).
Self-Defense
+Kaufman, Self-Defense, Imminence, and the Battered Woman, New Criminal Law Review, Vol. 10, No. 3, page 342 (2007).
+ Segev, Fairness, Responsibility and Self-Defense, Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 45 , No. 2, page 383 (2005).
+ Nourse, Self-Defense and Subjectivity, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 68, page 1235 (2001).
+ McCoy, The Homosexual-Advance Defense and Hate Crimes Statutes:Their Interaction and Conflict, Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 22, pp. 629 (2001).
+ Getman & Marshall, The Continuing Assault on the Right to Strike, Texas Law Review, Vol. 79, page 703 (2001).
+ McCord, Moral Reasoning and the Criminal Law: The Example of Self-Defense, American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 30, page 97 (1992).
+ Maguigan, Battered Women and Self-Defense: Myths and Misconceptions in Current Reform Proposals , University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 140, page 79 (1991).
+ Rosen, On Self-Defense, Imminence and Women Who Kill Their Batterers, North Carolina Law Review, Vol. 71, page 371 (1993).
+ Kochan, Beyond the Battered Woman Syndrome: An Argument for the Development of New Standards and the Incorporation of a Feminine Approach to Ethics, Hastings Women's Law Journal, Vol. 1, page 89 (1989).
+ Singer, The Resurgence of Mens Rea: II - Honest But Unreasonable Mistake of Fact in Self-Defense, Boston College Law Review, Vol. 28, page 459 (1987).
